Finish formatter
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Pdawg11239
@@ -1,114 +1,220 @@
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using static BadBuilder.Formatter.Win32;
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using static BadBuilder.Formatter.Constants;
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using static BadBuilder.Formatter.FAT32Utilities;
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#pragma warning disable CA1416
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using System.Text;
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using Windows.Win32.System.Ioctl;
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using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using Windows.Win32.Storage.FileSystem;
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using static Windows.Win32.PInvoke;
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using static BadBuilder.Formatter.Constants;
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using static BadBuilder.Formatter.Utilities;
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namespace BadBuilder.Formatter
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{
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public static class DiskFormatter
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{
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public static unsafe (int, string) FormatVolume(char driveLetter)
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public static unsafe string FormatVolume(char driveLetter)
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{
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uint cbRet;
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DISK_GEOMETRY diskGeometry;
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PARTITION_INFORMATION diskPartInfo;
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PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX exDiskPartInfo;
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bool isGPT = false;
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uint bytesPerSector = 0;
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uint totalSectors;
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uint fatSize;
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string devicePath = $"\\\\.\\{driveLetter}:";
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uint volumeID = GetVolumeID();
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using SafeFileHandle driveHandle = OpenDeviceHandle(devicePath);
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if (driveHandle.IsInvalid) return Error("Unable to open device. GetLastError: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
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IntPtr driveHandle = CreateFileW(
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devicePath,
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GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
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0,
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0,
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OPEN_EXISTING,
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FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
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0);
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if (!EnableExtendedDASDIO(driveHandle) || !LockDevice(driveHandle))
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return Error("Failed to initialize device access.");
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if (driveHandle == -1) return (-1, Error("Unable to open device - close all open programs or windows that may have a handle lock on the drive."));
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DISK_GEOMETRY diskGeometry;
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if (!TryGetDiskGeometry(driveHandle, out diskGeometry))
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return Error("Failed to get drive geometry.");
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if (!DeviceIoControl( driveHandle, FSCTL_ALLOW_EXTENDED_DASD_IO, 0, 0, 0, 0, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to enable extended DASD IO on the device."));
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PARTITION_INFORMATION partitionInfo = new();
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bool isGPT = false;
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if (!TryGetPartitionInfo(driveHandle, ref diskGeometry, out partitionInfo, out isGPT))
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return Error("Failed to get partition information.");
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME, 0, 0, 0, 0, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to lock the device."));
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uint totalSectors = (uint)(partitionInfo.PartitionLength / diskGeometry.BytesPerSector);
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if (!IsValidFAT32Size(totalSectors))
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return Error("Invalid drive size for FAT32.");
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using (var pDiskGeometry = NativePointer.Allocate<DISK_GEOMETRY>())
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FAT32BootSector bootSector = InitializeBootSector(diskGeometry, partitionInfo, totalSectors, volumeID);
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FAT32FsInfoSector fsInfo = InitializeFsInfo();
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uint[] firstFATSector = InitializeFirstFATSector(diskGeometry.BytesPerSector);
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string formatOutput = FormatVolumeData(driveHandle, diskGeometry, bootSector, fsInfo, firstFATSector, isGPT, partitionInfo);
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if (formatOutput != string.Empty)
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return formatOutput;
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if (!UnlockDevice(driveHandle) || !DismountVolume(driveHandle))
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return Error($"Failed to release the device. GetLastError: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
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return string.Empty;
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}
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private static SafeFileHandle OpenDeviceHandle(string devicePath) =>
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CreateFile(devicePath, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, null, FILE_CREATION_DISPOSITION.OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES.FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING, null);
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private static unsafe bool EnableExtendedDASDIO(SafeFileHandle handle) =>
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DeviceIoControl(handle, FSCTL_ALLOW_EXTENDED_DASD_IO, null, 0, null, 0, null, null);
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private static unsafe bool LockDevice(SafeFileHandle handle) =>
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DeviceIoControl(handle, FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME, null, 0, null, 0, null, null);
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private static unsafe bool UnlockDevice(SafeFileHandle handle) =>
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DeviceIoControl(handle, FSCTL_UNLOCK_VOLUME, null, 0, null, 0, null, null);
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private static unsafe bool DismountVolume(SafeFileHandle handle) =>
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DeviceIoControl(handle, FSCTL_DISMOUNT_VOLUME, null, 0, null, 0, null, null);
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private static unsafe bool TryGetDiskGeometry(SafeFileHandle handle, out DISK_GEOMETRY diskGeometry)
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{
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diskGeometry = new DISK_GEOMETRY();
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fixed (DISK_GEOMETRY* pDiskGeometry = &diskGeometry)
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{
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY, 0, 0, pDiskGeometry.Pointer, pDiskGeometry.Size, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to get the drive geometry."));
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diskGeometry = Marshal.PtrToStructure<DISK_GEOMETRY>(pDiskGeometry.Pointer);
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return DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY, null, 0, pDiskGeometry, (uint)sizeof(DISK_GEOMETRY), null, null);
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}
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bytesPerSector = diskGeometry.BytesPerSector;
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}
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using (var pDrivePartInfo = NativePointer.Allocate<PARTITION_INFORMATION>())
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private static unsafe bool TryGetPartitionInfo(SafeFileHandle handle, ref DISK_GEOMETRY diskGeometry, out PARTITION_INFORMATION partitionInfo, out bool isGPT)
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{
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partitionInfo = new PARTITION_INFORMATION();
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PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX diskExPartInfo = new();
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isGPT = false;
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fixed (PARTITION_INFORMATION* pPartitionInfo = &partitionInfo)
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{
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO, 0, 0, pDrivePartInfo.Pointer, pDrivePartInfo.Size, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to get the drive partition information."));
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if (!DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO, null, 0, pPartitionInfo, (uint)sizeof(PARTITION_INFORMATION), null, null))
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{
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if (DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO_EX, null, 0, &diskExPartInfo, (uint)sizeof(PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX), null, null))
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{
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partitionInfo = new PARTITION_INFORMATION
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{
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StartingOffset = diskExPartInfo.StartingOffset,
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PartitionLength = diskExPartInfo.PartitionLength,
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HiddenSectors = (uint)(diskExPartInfo.StartingOffset / diskGeometry.BytesPerSector)
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};
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isGPT = (diskExPartInfo.PartitionStyle == PARTITION_STYLE.PARTITION_STYLE_GPT);
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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return true;
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}
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}
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diskPartInfo = Marshal.PtrToStructure<PARTITION_INFORMATION>(pDrivePartInfo.Pointer);
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private static bool IsValidFAT32Size(uint totalSectors) =>
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totalSectors >= 65536 && totalSectors < 0xFFFFFFFF;
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private static unsafe FAT32BootSector InitializeBootSector(DISK_GEOMETRY diskGeometry, PARTITION_INFORMATION partitionInfo, uint totalSectors, uint volumeID)
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{
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byte sectorsPerCluster = CalculateSectorsPerCluster((ulong)partitionInfo.PartitionLength, diskGeometry.BytesPerSector);
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uint fatSize = CalculateFATSize(totalSectors, 32, sectorsPerCluster, 2, diskGeometry.BytesPerSector);
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FAT32BootSector bootSector = new FAT32BootSector
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{
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BytesPerSector = (ushort)diskGeometry.BytesPerSector,
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SectorsPerCluster = sectorsPerCluster,
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ReservedSectorCount = 32,
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NumberOfFATs = 2,
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MediaDescriptor = 0xF8,
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SectorsPerTrack = (ushort)diskGeometry.SectorsPerTrack,
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NumberOfHeads = (ushort)diskGeometry.TracksPerCylinder,
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HiddenSectors = partitionInfo.HiddenSectors,
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TotalSectors = totalSectors,
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SectorsPerFAT = fatSize,
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RootCluster = 2,
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FSInfoSector = 1,
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BackupBootSector = 6,
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DriveNumber = 0x80,
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BootSignature = 0x29,
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VolumeID = volumeID,
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Signature = 0x55AA
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};
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Span<byte> rawBytes = MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(new Span<FAT32BootSector>(ref bootSector));
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if (bootSector.BytesPerSector != 512)
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{
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rawBytes[bootSector.BytesPerSector - 2] = 0x55;
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rawBytes[bootSector.BytesPerSector - 1] = 0xAA;
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}
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using (var pDriveExPartInfo = NativePointer.Allocate<PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX>())
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rawBytes[0] = 0xEB;
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rawBytes[1] = 0x58;
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rawBytes[2] = 0x90;
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string oemName = "MSWIN4.1";
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Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(oemName).CopyTo(rawBytes.Slice(3, 8));
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string volumeLabel = "BADUPDATE ";
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Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(volumeLabel).CopyTo(rawBytes.Slice(71, 11));
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string fileSystemType = "FAT32 ";
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Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(fileSystemType).CopyTo(rawBytes.Slice(82, 8));
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return bootSector;
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}
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private static FAT32FsInfoSector InitializeFsInfo() => new FAT32FsInfoSector
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{
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LeadSignature = 0x41615252,
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StructureSignature = 0x61417272,
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TrailSignature = 0xAA550000,
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FreeClusterCount = 0,
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NextFreeCluster = 3
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};
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private static uint[] InitializeFirstFATSector(uint bytesPerSector)
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{
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uint[] sector = new uint[bytesPerSector / 4];
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sector[0] = 0x0FFFFFF8;
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sector[1] = 0x0FFFFFFF;
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sector[2] = 0x0FFFFFFF;
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return sector;
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}
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private static unsafe string FormatVolumeData(SafeFileHandle driveHandle, DISK_GEOMETRY geometry, FAT32BootSector bootSector, FAT32FsInfoSector fsInfo, uint[] firstFATSector, bool isGPT, PARTITION_INFORMATION partitionInfo)
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{
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uint bytesPerSector = geometry.BytesPerSector;
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uint totalSectors = (uint)(partitionInfo.PartitionLength / geometry.BytesPerSector);
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uint userAreaSize = totalSectors - bootSector.ReservedSectorCount - (bootSector.NumberOfFATs * bootSector.SectorsPerFAT);
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uint systemAreaSize = bootSector.ReservedSectorCount + (bootSector.NumberOfFATs * bootSector.SectorsPerFAT) + bootSector.SectorsPerCluster;
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uint clusterCount = userAreaSize / bootSector.SectorsPerCluster;
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if (clusterCount < 65536 || clusterCount > 0x0FFFFFFF)
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return Error("The drives cluster count is out of range (65536 < clusterCount < 0x0FFFFFFF)");
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fsInfo.FreeClusterCount = (userAreaSize / bootSector.SectorsPerCluster) - 1;
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ZeroOutSectors(driveHandle, 0, systemAreaSize, bytesPerSector);
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for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
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{
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO_EX, 0, 0, pDriveExPartInfo.Pointer, pDriveExPartInfo.Size, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to get the drive extended partition information."));
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exDiskPartInfo = Marshal.PtrToStructure<PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX>(pDriveExPartInfo.Pointer);
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uint sectorStart = (i == 0) ? 0 : (uint)bootSector.BackupBootSector;
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WriteSector(driveHandle, sectorStart, 1, bytesPerSector, StructToBytes(bootSector));
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WriteSector(driveHandle, sectorStart + 1, 1, bytesPerSector, StructToBytes(fsInfo));
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}
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isGPT = (exDiskPartInfo.PartitionStyle == PARTITION_STYLE.GPT);
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totalSectors = (uint)(diskPartInfo.PartitionLength / diskGeometry.BytesPerSector);
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if (totalSectors < 65536 || totalSectors >= 0xffffffff)
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return (-1, Error("Invalid drive size for FAT32 - either too small (less than 64K clusters) or too large (greater than 2TB)."));
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for (int i = 0; i < bootSector.NumberOfFATs; i++)
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{
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uint sectorStart = bootSector.ReservedSectorCount + ((uint)i * bootSector.SectorsPerFAT);
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WriteSector(driveHandle, sectorStart, 1, bytesPerSector, UintArrayToBytes(firstFATSector));
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}
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FAT32BootSector bootSector;
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FAT32FsInfoSector fsInfo;
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if (!isGPT)
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{
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SET_PARTITION_INFORMATION setPartInfo = new SET_PARTITION_INFORMATION
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{
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PartitionType = 0x0C
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};
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bootSector.JumpCode = [0xEB, 0x58, 0x90];
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bootSector.OEMName = "MSWIN4.1".ToCharArray();
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bootSector.BytesPerSector = (ushort)bytesPerSector;
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bootSector.SectorsPerCluster = CalculateSectorsPerCluster((ulong)diskPartInfo.PartitionLength, bytesPerSector);
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bootSector.ReservedSectorCount = 32;
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bootSector.NumberOfFATs = 2;
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bootSector.MaxRootEntries = 0;
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bootSector.TotalSectors16 = 0;
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bootSector.MediaDescriptor = 0xF8;
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bootSector.SectorsPerFAT16 = 0;
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bootSector.SectorsPerTrack = (ushort)diskGeometry.SectorsPerTrack;
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bootSector.NumberOfHeads = (ushort)diskGeometry.TracksPerCylinder;
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bootSector.HiddenSectors = diskPartInfo.HiddenSectors;
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bootSector.TotalSectors = totalSectors;
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, IOCTL_DISK_SET_PARTITION_INFO, &setPartInfo, (uint)sizeof(SET_PARTITION_INFORMATION), null, 0, null, null))
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return Error($"Failed to set the drive partition information. GetLastError: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
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}
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fatSize = CalculateFATSize(bootSector.TotalSectors, bootSector.ReservedSectorCount, bootSector.SectorsPerCluster, bootSector.NumberOfFATs, bytesPerSector);
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bootSector.SectorsPerFAT = fatSize;
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bootSector.FATFlags = 0;
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bootSector.FileSystemVersion = 0;
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bootSector.RootCluster = 2;
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bootSector.FSInfoSector = 1;
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bootSector.BackupBootSector = 6;
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bootSector.DriveNumber = 0x80;
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bootSector.Reserved1 = 0;
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bootSector.BootSignature = 0x29;
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bootSector.VolumeID = volumeID;
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bootSector.VolumeLabel = "BADUPDATE ".ToCharArray();
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bootSector.FileSystemType = "FAT32 ".ToCharArray();
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bootSector.Signature = 0x55AA;
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if (!DeviceIoControl(driveHandle, FSCTL_UNLOCK_VOLUME, 0, 0, 0, 0, out cbRet, 0))
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return (-1, Error("Failed to unlock the device."));
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return (0, "");
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return "";
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}
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}
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}
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}
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