Results: Implement namespaced, type-safe results.

Because I was working on multiple things at once, this commit also:
- Adds wrappers for/linker flags to wrap CXX exceptions to make them
  abort. This saves ~0x8000 of memory in every system module.
- Broadly replaces lines of the pattern if (cond) { return ResultX; }
  with R_UNLESS(!cond, ResultX());.
- Reworks the R_TRY_CATCH macros (and the result macros in general).

stratosphere/libstratosphere/source/ams/ams_exosphere_api.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace sts::ams {
     ApiInfo GetApiInfo() {
         u64 exosphere_cfg;
         if (spl::smc::GetConfig(&exosphere_cfg, 1, SplConfigItem_ExosphereApiVersion) != spl::smc::Result::Success) {
-            R_ASSERT(ResultAtmosphereExosphereNotPresent);
+            R_ASSERT(ResultExosphereNotPresent());
         }
 
         return ApiInfo{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace sts::ams {
             u64 tmp;
             R_TRY(spl::smc::ConvertResult(spl::smc::GetConfig(&tmp, 1, SplConfigItem_ExosphereHasRcmBugPatch)));
             *out = (tmp != 0);
-            return ResultSuccess;
+            return ResultSuccess();
         }
 
     }