Results: Implement namespaced, type-safe results.

Because I was working on multiple things at once, this commit also:
- Adds wrappers for/linker flags to wrap CXX exceptions to make them
  abort. This saves ~0x8000 of memory in every system module.
- Broadly replaces lines of the pattern if (cond) { return ResultX; }
  with R_UNLESS(!cond, ResultX());.
- Reworks the R_TRY_CATCH macros (and the result macros in general).

stratosphere/libstratosphere/source/ams/ams_environment.cpp

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace sts::ams {
         ::sts::ams::ExceptionHandler(&ams_ctx);
     }
 
-    inline __attribute((noreturn)) void AbortImpl() {
+    inline NORETURN void AbortImpl() {
         /* Just perform a data abort. */
         register u64 addr __asm__("x27") = FatalErrorContext::StdAbortMagicAddress;
         register u64 val __asm__("x28")  = FatalErrorContext::StdAbortMagicValue;
@@ -145,9 +145,24 @@ extern "C" {
     /* Redefine abort to trigger these handlers. */
     void abort();
 
+    /* Redefine C++ exception handlers. Requires wrap linker flag. */
+    void __wrap___cxa_pure_virtual(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_throw(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_rethrow(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_allocate_exception(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_begin_catch(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_end_catch(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_call_unexpected(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___cxa_call_terminate(void) { abort(); }
+    void __wrap___gxx_personality_v0(void) { abort(); }
+
 }
 
 /* Custom abort handler, so that std::abort will trigger these. */
 void abort() {
     sts::ams::AbortImpl();
+}
+
+void *__cxa_allocate_ecxeption(size_t thrown_size) {
+    abort();
 }

stratosphere/libstratosphere/source/ams/ams_exosphere_api.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace sts::ams {
     ApiInfo GetApiInfo() {
         u64 exosphere_cfg;
         if (spl::smc::GetConfig(&exosphere_cfg, 1, SplConfigItem_ExosphereApiVersion) != spl::smc::Result::Success) {
-            R_ASSERT(ResultAtmosphereExosphereNotPresent);
+            R_ASSERT(ResultExosphereNotPresent());
         }
 
         return ApiInfo{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace sts::ams {
             u64 tmp;
             R_TRY(spl::smc::ConvertResult(spl::smc::GetConfig(&tmp, 1, SplConfigItem_ExosphereHasRcmBugPatch)));
             *out = (tmp != 0);
-            return ResultSuccess;
+            return ResultSuccess();
         }
 
     }