Results: Implement namespaced, type-safe results.

Because I was working on multiple things at once, this commit also:
- Adds wrappers for/linker flags to wrap CXX exceptions to make them
  abort. This saves ~0x8000 of memory in every system module.
- Broadly replaces lines of the pattern if (cond) { return ResultX; }
  with R_UNLESS(!cond, ResultX());.
- Reworks the R_TRY_CATCH macros (and the result macros in general).

stratosphere/boot/source/boot_i2c_utils.cpp

@@ -27,14 +27,16 @@ namespace sts::boot {
 
             u64 cur_time = 0;
             while (true) {
-                R_TRY_CLEANUP(f(), {
-                    cur_time += retry_interval;
-                    if (cur_time < timeout) {
-                        svcSleepThread(retry_interval);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                });
-                return ResultSuccess;
+                const auto retry_result = f();
+                R_UNLESS(R_FAILED(retry_result), ResultSuccess());
+
+                cur_time += retry_interval;
+                if (cur_time < timeout) {
+                    svcSleepThread(retry_interval);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                return retry_result;
             }
         }